Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary: Located in the Western Ghats of Kerala, Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary is a sanctuary for wildlife and nature lovers. Famous for its stunning landscapes, dense forests and diverse wildlife, Periyar is one of the most popular wildlife sanctuaries in India. Spread across 925 square kilometers, the sanctuary is a part of Periyar National Park and Tiger Reserve, making it an important conservation area for India’s iconic wildlife species. In this article, we will explore the history, flora and fauna, tourist attractions and activities that make Periyar a must-visit destination for nature enthusiasts.
Brief history of Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary:
Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary was established in 1950, but its roots go back further. It was initially constituted as a game reserve by the Maharaja of Travancore in the late 19th century to protect the forest from exploitation. Over the years, it has become a protected area aimed at conserving wildlife. The sanctuary was declared a tiger reserve in 1978 under the Project Tiger initiative, further emphasizing the government’s commitment to the conservation of endangered species such as the Royal Bengal Tiger.
Periyar’s diverse flora and fauna:
Periyar’s biodiversity is one of its most attractive features. The sanctuary is home to a wide variety of flora and fauna, making it a hotspot for wildlife photographers, botanists and researchers. Periyar’s forest types range from tropical evergreen forests to moist deciduous forests and grasslands, creating a unique ecosystem that supports a variety of species.
Flora
The flora of Periyar is rich and varied. The sanctuary has 1,965 species of flowering plants including tropical trees like teak, rosewood and sandalwood. The forest is also rich in medicinal plants, some of which are endemic to the region. Lush greenery and dense forests provide a pristine environment that is ideal for wildlife to thrive.
Animal Kingdom
The sanctuary is home to a variety of animals, including the elephant, which is Periyar’s most famous resident. Tourists often see herds of elephants near Periyar Lake, which is located in the heart of the sanctuary. Apart from elephants, the sanctuary is home to around 35 species of mammals, including the Bengal tiger, Indian leopard, Nilgiri langur, sloth bear and the endangered lion-tailed macaque.
Periyar’s avifauna is equally impressive with over 265 recorded species of birds. Bird watchers can spot Malabar Gray Hornbill, Great Hornbill, Indian Pitta and Black-necked Stork. The sanctuary also houses a variety of reptiles, amphibians and fish, which contribute to its incredible biodiversity.
Periyar Lake: A major attraction:
The Periyar Lake, formed by the Mullapiyar Dam, is the focal point of the sanctuary. Covering an area of 26 square kilometers, the lake is not only a source of water for wildlife but is also a popular tourist attraction. Visitors can take a boat ride on the lake to enjoy a serene view of the forest and see the animals that flock to the water’s edge. Boat cruises offer a rare opportunity to see wildlife in their natural habitat, making it one of the sanctuary’s most sought-after activities.
Activities for tourists:
Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary offers a wide range of activities for visitors, making it an ideal destination for eco-tourism.
- Boat Safaris
One of the most popular activities in Periyar is the boat safari in the Periyar Lake. These safaris allow tourists to observe wildlife from the safety of a boat. Elephants, deer and various birds are often seen on the banks of the lake. - Guided nature walks
For those who prefer a more immersive experience, the sanctuary offers guided nature walks and trekking options. These treks are led by experienced guides who take visitors through dense forests, providing insight into local flora and fauna. Periyar Tiger Trail, a trekking and camping program, is especially popular among adventure seekers. - Bamboo raft
A unique activity in Periyar is bamboo rafting in Periyar Lake. This eco-friendly adventure allows tourists to explore the pristine waters while enjoying panoramic views of the surrounding forest and wildlife. - Jeep Safaris
For a more thrilling experience, visitors can embark on a jeep safari to explore the vast expanses of the sanctuary. Safaris offer the opportunity to venture deep into the forest and spot elusive animals like tigers and leopards.
Best time to visit Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary:
The sanctuary is open throughout the year, but the best time to visit Periyar is during the winter months of October to March when the weather is pleasant and suitable for wildlife viewing. Monsoon season, though lush and green, can make travel and animal viewing difficult due to heavy rains.
Conservation efforts and eco-tourism:
Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary is at the forefront of wildlife conservation in India. The sanctuary employs local communities in its eco-tourism ventures, providing them with a sustainable livelihood while also promoting nature conservation. Conservation efforts have been successful in protecting species such as tigers and elephants as well as increasing awareness of the importance of protecting biodiversity.
Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary is not just a wildlife sanctuary; It is a paradise for those who want to reconnect with nature. Its diverse flora and fauna, coupled with its stunning landscape and eco-friendly tourism activities, make it one of the most attractive destinations in India. Whether you are a wildlife enthusiast, nature lover, or simply looking for a peaceful retreat, Periyar offers an unforgettable experience that highlights the importance of beauty and conservation in the modern world.
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