Marijuana, also known as cannabis or ganja in India, has long been a topic of discussion, controversy, and legal ambiguity. With the global shift toward decriminalization and legalization of marijuana for medical and recreational use, many Indians are curious about its legal status in the country. So, is marijuana banned in India? The answer is not as simple as it would appear.
What is Marijuana (Cannabis)?
The term “marijuana” refers to the dried leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds of the cannabis plant. It contains psychoactive compounds like THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) that produce a “high,” and CBD (Cannabidiol), which has medicinal properties. The cannabis plant has a long history in India, frequently associated with its therapeutic, religious, and cultural applications.
Legal Framework: NDPS Act, 1985
Marijuana is governed by the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (NDPS Act) in India. This law prohibits the production, manufacture, possession, sale, purchase, transport, warehousing, use, consumption, import inter-State, export inter-State, import into India, export from India or transshipment of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.
Key Points under NDPS Act:
- Marijuana: The NDPS Act prohibits the use of the blooming or fruiting tops of the cannabis plant.
- Bhang: In several Indian states, bhang, which is manufactured from the cannabis plant’s leaves, is permitted and consumed during festivals such as Holi.
- Charas and Hashish: Resin extracted from cannabis, strictly prohibited.
Is Marijuana Completely Banned in India?
No, marijuana is not entirely banned in India. The NDPS Act bans certain parts of the cannabis plant but allows the use of its leaves, which means bhang is legal in several states. This legal loophole has allowed traditional and religious use of cannabis to persist in Indian culture.
However, possession or consumption of ganja or charas is a criminal offense that can lead to arrest, fines, and imprisonment. The punishment depends on the quantity involved:
- Small quantity (up to 1 kg): Up to 6 months imprisonment and/or fine.
- Rigorous imprisonment of up to ten years and a fine for commercial amounts (over 20 kg).
Use of Cannabis in Ayurvedic and Medical Sectors
Cannabis has been used in Ayurveda for centuries for its medicinal properties. Recently, there has been a resurgence in interest due to global acceptance and studies that highlight its benefits in treating chronic pain, epilepsy, and more.
In India, medical cannabis is being researched and promoted by startups and licensed companies under strict regulation. States like Uttarakhand and Madhya Pradesh have permitted the cultivation of hemp (low-THC cannabis) for industrial and medicinal use.
Current Scenario and Public Opinion
Public opinion in India is slowly shifting in favor of cannabis legalization, especially for medical and industrial purposes. Several activists and politicians have voiced their support for legalizing marijuana, citing the success in countries like Canada, the USA, and Uruguay.
Notable Developments:
- In 2020, the Delhi High Court heard a plea to decriminalize the use of cannabis.
- Startups like BOHECO (Bombay Hemp Company) are promoting legal cannabis-based health solutions.
So, is marijuana banned in India? The answer is partially yes. While bhang remains legal and culturally accepted in many regions, the recreational use of ganja and charas is still illegal under the NDPS Act. However, with growing awareness, global trends, and medical advancements, India may soon revisit its stance on cannabis.
As the world moves toward cannabis decriminalization and medical acceptance, India stands at a crossroads. With careful regulation, research, and public education, marijuana could offer economic and health benefits to millions. Until then, it remains important for Indian citizens to stay aware of the legal consequences and state-wise laws surrounding cannabis use.
Is marijuana (cannabis) banned in India? Discover the legal status of ganja, bhang, and charas under Indian law. Learn how mapupa – Search anything for your information helps you explore cannabis legality, cultural use, and medical developments across India.
