The Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) is India’s foreign intelligence agency, responsible for collecting and analyzing information related to the nation’s security, defense, and foreign affairs. Established in 1968, RAW operates under the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) and plays a vital role in protecting India’s national interests, especially against external threats and espionage.
Formation and Objective
RAW was created after the Indo-China war of 1962 and the Indo-Pak war of 1965, which revealed the need for a strong, independent intelligence body. Before RAW, India relied on the Intelligence Bureau (IB) for both internal and external intelligence, which proved insufficient during wartime.
The primary objective of RAW is to gather foreign intelligence, counter terrorism, counter espionage, and advance India’s strategic interests abroad. Its work remains largely classified, but it is considered one of the most efficient intelligence agencies in Asia.
Structure and Operations
RAW is headed by a Secretary (R), who reports directly to the Prime Minister of India. The agency has no formal connection with the Parliament or other ministries, ensuring high confidentiality and operational freedom.
Key divisions within RAW include:
- Aviation Research Centre (ARC): Handles aerial surveillance and imagery.
- Electronics and Technical Services (ETS): Focuses on signal and cyber intelligence.
- Special Operations Division: Conducts covert missions and psychological warfare.
- Training Institute (NTRO & IMA): Trains agents in espionage, encryption, and communication.
RAW agents operate worldwide, often under diplomatic or non-official covers, collecting critical intelligence about political, military, and economic developments.
How RAW Works in Practice
RAW gathers information using human intelligence (HUMINT) and technical intelligence (TECHINT). It works closely with other agencies like IB, DRDO, and Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) to ensure a coordinated security network. The agency’s efforts are especially focused on border security, terrorism prevention, and geopolitical intelligence involving neighboring countries like Pakistan, China, and Bangladesh.
Though its operations are secret, RAW is believed to have played a crucial role in several key events, such as the Bangladesh Liberation War (1971) and counterterrorism operations. It remains India’s silent protector, working behind the scenes to maintain national security and global intelligence dominance.
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